Bibliography

Deakin CD, Connelly S, Wharton R, et al. A comparison of rectilinear and truncated exponential biphasic waveforms in elective cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Resuscitation. 2013;84:286–291.

Stothert JC, Hatcher TS, Gupton CL et al.  Resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using the rectilinear biphasic waveform.  Prehospital Emergency Care.  2004;8:109-110 (abstract).

Morrison LJ, Dorian P, Long J et al.  A randomized controlled trial comparing safety and efficacy of rectilinear biphasic versus monophasic defibrillators in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: ORBIT.  Circulation 2003; 108:2I (abstract).

Neal S, Ngarmukos T, Lessard D, et al.  Comparison of the efficacy and safety of two biphasic defibrillator waveforms for the conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. American Journal of Cardiology. 2003;92:810-814.

al Atawi FO, Gurevitz O, Ammash NM et al.  Comparison of biphasic waveforms for the transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: Mayo Clinic cardioversion center experience. Circulation. 2003;108:2940 (abstract).

Kim SG, Kim M, Park D et al.  Prospective randomized comparison of rectilinear biphasic waveform shock versus truncated exponential biphasic waveform shock for transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.   Presentation at the 52 nd Annual Scientific Session of ACC. 2003; 873-4 (abstract).

Healy E, Neal S, Lessard D, et al.  A prospective randomized pilot study comparing the efficacy of the biphasic rectilinear waveform with the biphasic truncated exponential waveform for conversion of atrial fibrillation. PACE. 2002;24:555 (abstract).

Neal S, Nappa K, Dowden C, et al.  Evaluation of skin condition following biphasic transthoracic cardioversion shocks:  an answer to that burning question. PACE. 2002;24:550 (abstract).

Friedman PA, Ammash N, Oster S, et al.  Role of ibutilide and biphasic waveforms for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in routine clinical practice. PACE. 2002;24:634 (abstract).

Schute D, Libhaber C, Silwa K, et al.  Rectilinear biphasic rather than monophasic waveforms for transthoracic cardioversion of patients with rheumatic heart disease and longstanding atrial fibrillation after corrective itral valve procedures. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2002;39:429A (abstract).

Mittal S, Ayati, Sh, Stein KM, et al.  Transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2000;101:1282-1287.

Niebauer NJ, Bash D, Chung MK, et al.  Cardioversion thresholds of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter using an external biphasic waveform defibrillator.   NASPE Presentation. May 2000; Session 36 (abstract).  

Niebauer MJ, Chung MK, Wilkoff BL, et al.   Success rate of the rectilinear biphasic waveform in atrial cardioversion in a large cohort of patients.   Oral presentation at 73 rd  Scientific Sessions of the AHA.   2000:2781 (abstract).

Tang W, Weil MH, Sun Shijie, et al. Defibrillation with low-energy biphasic waveform reduces the severity of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction after prolonged cardiac arrest.  Journal of Critical Care Medicine . 1999;27:A43 (abstract).

Tang W, Weil MH, Sun S, et al. The effects of biphasic and conventional monophasic defibrillation on postresuscitation myocardial function. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999;34:815-822.

Page RL, Kerber RE, Russell JK, et al.  Biphasic versus monophasic shock waveform for conversion of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.  2002;39:1956-63.

Schneider T, Martens PR, Paschen H, et al.  Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of 150J biphasic shocks compared with 200 to 360J monophasic shocks in the resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Circulation.   2000;102:1780-1787.

Gliner BE, White RD.  Electrocardiographic evaluation of defibrillation shocks delivered to out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation.  1999;41:133-144.

Gliner BE, Jorgenson DB, Poole JE el al.  Treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a low-energy impedance-compensating biphasic waveform automatic external defibrillator.   Biomedical instrumentation & Technology. 1998;32:631-644.

Reddy RK, Gleva MJ, Gliner BE et al.  Biphasic transthoracic defibrillation causes fewer ECG ST-segment changes after shock. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1997;30:127-134.

Bardy GH, Marchlinski FE, Sharma JD et al.  Multicenter comparison of truncated biphasic shocks and standard damped sine wave monophasic shocks for transthoracic ventricular defibrillation.   Circulation.   1996;94:2507-2514.

Bardy GH, Gliner BE, Kudenchuk PJ, et al.  Truncated biphasic pulses for transthoracic defibrillation. Circulation. 1995;91:1768-1774.

Greene HL, DiMarco JP, Kudenchuk PJ, et al.  Comparison of monophasic and biphasic defibrillating pulse waveforms for transthoracic cardioversion.   American Journal of Cardiology. 1995;75:1135-1139.

Gold MR.  Biphasic defibrillation:  increasing efficacy while decreasing risk. Medtronic Physio Control White Paper.  2003.

Gold, ME.  The case for escalating protocol and energy reserve in external biphasic defibrillators.  Medtronic Physio Control White Paper.  2001.

Jain VC and Wheelan K. Successful cardioversion of atrial fibrillation using 360J biphasic shock. American Journal of Cardiology. 2002;90:331.

Koul A, Rashba EJ, Shorofsky SR et al.  Is 360 joules necessary for biphasic transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation? PACE. 2002 24:688 (abstract).

Reisinger J, Hollinger K, Mori M, et al.  Efficacy of biphasic shocks for transthoracic cardioversion of atrial tachyarrhythmias.   European Heart Journal.   2001;22:132 (abstract).

Koster R, Adams, R, Chapman FW.  Biphasic truncated exponential shocks provide a high rate of success for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.   Resuscitation.   200;45:S52 (abstract).

Walker RG, O'Grady SG, Purdy SA, et al.  Initial experience with a full energy biphasic waveform for termination of ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.   Resuscitation.  2000:45:S49 (abstract).

Walker RG, Melnick SB, Chapman FW et al.  Comparison of six clinically used external defibrillators in swine.   Resuscitation. 2003;57:73-83.

Niemann JT, Garner D, Lewis RJ.  Transthoracic impedance does not decrease with rapidly repeated countershocks in a swine cardiac arrest model. Resuscitation. 2003;56:91-95.

Killingsworth CR, Melnick SB, Chapman FW, et al.  Defibrillation threshold and cardiac responses using an external biphasic defibrillator with pediatric and adult adhesive patches in pediatric-sized piglets. Resuscitation. 2002;55:177-185.

Walker RG, Melnick WB, Walcott GP et al.  Comparison of clinically used biphasic waveforms for external defibrillation.   SAEM 2001 Annual Meeting Abstracts 2001;432 (abstract).

Walker RG, Taylor JW, Schmitt PW, et al.  Comparison of a biphasic truncated exponential waveform to two standard monophasic waveforms for external defibrillation.   Resuscitation.   2000;45:S49 (abstract).

Walcott GP, Walker RG, Cates AW et al.  Choosing the optimal monophasic and biphasic waveforms for ventricular defibrillation.   Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 1995;6:737-750.

van Alem AP, Waalewijn RA, Koster RW, et al.  Assessment of quality of life an dcognitive function after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation.   American Journal of Cardiology. 2004;93:131-135.

Khaykin Y, Newman D, Kowalewski M et al.  Biphasic versus monophasic cardioversion in shock-resistant atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial.   Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2003; 14:868-872.

Schwarz B, Bowdle A, Jett K et al.  Biphasic shocks compared with monophasic damped sine wave shocks for direct ventricular defibrillation during open heart surgery. Anesthesiology. 2003;98:1063-1069.

Van Alem AP, Chapmen FW, Lank P, et al.  A prospective, randomized and blinded comparison of first shock success of monophasic and biphasic waveforms in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2003;58:17-24.

van Alem AP, Koster RW, Chapman FW.  A blinded, randomized comparison of biphasic and monophasic waveform defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.   European Heart Journal.   2001;22:242 (abstract).

Dorian P, Koster RW, Chapman FW et al.  A prospective, randomized comparison of monophasic and biphasic shocks for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation:  shock efficacy and post-procedure pain.   European Heart Journal.   2001;22:132  (abstract).

Schwarz B, Bowdle A, Lazzara R, et al.  Direct defibrillation during cardiothoracic surgery is more effective with biphasic shocks than monophasic damped sine wave shocks.   European Heart Journal.   2001;22:89 (abstract).

Dorian P, Koster RW, Chapman, FW, et al.  External cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with biphasic shocks requires less current and causes less patient discomfort.   Academic Emergency Medicine. 2001;8:543 (abstract).

Mittal S, Ayati S, Stein KM, et al.   Comparison of a novel rectilinear biphasic waveform with a damped sine wave monophasic waveform for transthoracic ventricular defibrillation.   Journal of the American College of Cardiology.  1999;35:1595-1601.

Pettinati, G, Storti G, Marzo, A, et al.  External electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation rectilinear biphasic vs. monophasic shock.   Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999;33:61B (abstract).

Read on to uncover the unique advantages of ZOLL's Rectilinear Biphasic waveform:

Principles of Electricity
More Current at 200 J than other biphasic waveforms at 360 J
Optimal Duration for Defibrillation Shocks
Superior for Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
Superior for Defibrillation of Ventricular Fibrillation
Superior for Defibrillation of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Pediatric Biphasic Recommendations
Bibliography